The formula of the 1792 statute, like that used in later statutes, straddles an unresolved controversy between the President and Congress. President william howard taft used the national force to protect Asian aliens threatened by a local mob, relying on his duty as President to carry out the international responsibility of the United States for the safety of aliens. President george washington leading more than 12,000 national guardsmen to suppress the whiskey rebellion of 1793 is the classic symbol of an independent national power to enforce what the President, echoing Jean-Jacques Rousseau, called "the general will." This power has been invoked regularly, most notably during and after the civil war, but also in major strikes affecting the national economy (in re debs, 1895) and in the enforcement of judicial decisions ordering racial desegregation during the 1950s and 1960s. As early as 1792, Congress declared that "it shall be lawful for the President" to use national troops or call forth the militia whenever he deems such action necessary to protect the functioning of the government or the enforcement of its laws. Although state governments dealt with most episodes of domestic disorder-and still do-some of those episodes had a national dimension. With regard to domestic (and republican) tranquillity, it became apparent soon after 1789 that the deference of Article IV to states ' rights did not permit the national government fully to protect the peace of the United States. It provides that the national force be used to suppress domestic violence only on application of the state legislature or of the governor when the state legislature cannot be convened. Article IV, guaranteeing each state a republican form of government, somewhat qualifies that authority. Article II of the Constitution, adapting British practice, designates the President commander-in-chief both of the nation's armed forces and of the state militia when it is called into national service. Send us feedback about these examples.In every state, the command of the armed forces is the ultimate component of executive power. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'commander in chief.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. 2023 Biden is the oldest commander in chief in U.S. 2023 In most administrations, the president’s national security adviser has been more a coordinator than a policymaker, working with all international affairs agencies to deliver their best counsel and analysis to the commander in chief, including options for action. Democrat-Gazette Staff From Wire Reports,, 23 Dec. 2023 Though there's no such bar against prosecution for a former commander in chief, lawyers for Trump say that he cannot be charged for actions that fell within his official duties as president - a claim that prosecutors have vigorously rejected. 2023 Though there’s no such bar against prosecution for a former commander in chief, lawyers for Trump say that he cannot be charged for actions that fell within his official duties as president - a claim that prosecutors have vigorously rejected. officials have also noted friction between Zelensky and his commander in chief, Gen. 2023 In Ukraine, a war of incremental gains as counteroffensive stalls 2024 That help included backing a plot to kidnap the commander in chief of Chile’s army, Gen. Richard Grant, Smithsonian Magazine, 3 Jan. 2024 The exhibition tells the stories of Washington’s companions in his war camps, including his enslaved valet, William Lee, who would dress him in the tent three of his aides-de-camp and the soldiers selected to guard the commander in chief. Recent Examples on the Web That blunt assessment from the Ukrainian commander in chief, made in a November interview with The Economist, prompted waves of enormous pessimism.
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